Ruswa

Mirza Muhammad Hadi- Born in Lucknow in 1858 and acquired his early education in Arabic, Persian , and mathematics from his Father- Agha Muhammad Taqi.  Ruswa also learnt English at La Martiniere College. He had inherited some money but this quickly spent and had to take up a menial job. In 1888 he joined the Christian College at Lucknow to teach Arabic and Persian, andalso taught at the...

Mazhar

Mirza Djandjanan- ( 1700-1781) Urdu Poet and eminent Sufi. Born in Talabagh, Malwa, India. He was received into the Nakshbandi order by Sayyid Mir Muhammad Abid Sumani. Mazhar did have religious students and wrote on social and religious themes. In Persian poetry his Diwan is of 1000 verses selected from the original 20,000 verses. However, very little of his Urdu poetry is extant. Yet he...

Dard

Khawaja Mir Nasir Audalib- Born in Delhi in 1720 and claimed descent from Al Askari. He is considered to be one of the 4 pillars of Urdu poetry. Dard is said to have received his early education from his Father at home. His Father is known to have written ” Nala i Andalib “- a Persian work on metaphysical aspects. Dard attained proficiency in both traditional and rational sciences. He started...

Rangin

The " takhallus " of several Indian poets , the " Riyad al wifak " of Dhu l- Fakir Ali, biographhies of Indian poets, who wrote in Persian, and the " Tadhkirah " of Yusuf Ali Khan mention 5 of them. The first a native of Kashmir , lived in Delhi in the reign of Muhammad Shah ( 1719-1748 AD ). The most celebrated was Saadat Yar Khan of Delhi. His Father, Tahmasp Beg Khan Turani came to India with...

Music in Islamic history

At the birth of Islam , there was no opposition to singing since the Prophet also joined the toil song at the digging of the trenches at Mecca. However, the 4 Calpihs are alleged to have been in opposition to any indulgence in singing or music. As a result the rigid school of religious law in Iraq prohibited , and that more accomodating of Medina , allowed singing, and a whole library of...

Arif Hikmat Bey

Born in 1786 and was the Shaykh al Islam from 1845 to 1854. He was one of the last representatives of classical Turkish poetry. Hikmat was descended from a family of high officials and became Molla of Jerusalem ( 1816 ) , then of Cairo ( 1820 ), and then of Medina ( 1823 ). He maintained relations with the principle poets of his day- Esad Efendi, Ziwer Pacha, and Tahiresolam. He himself wrote...

Nizami Gandjawi

Djamal al Din Abu Muhammad Ilyas b. Yusuf b. Zaki Muayyad. One of the greatest Persian poets and thinkers. He was born and spent most of his life in Gandja. Nizami being his pen name. In recognition of his vast knowledge and brilliant mind , he was given the honorific title of " Hakim " ( learned doctor  ) by Scholars. Nizami was learned in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, jurisprudence,...

Khaiyyam- the poet

Al Imam Abu Hafs Umar b Ibrahim al Khaiyyam Renowned Persian scholar and poet of the Seldjuk period-1048 to 1123AD. He is named in the "nizam al Hikma " , which Abd al Rahman al Khazini composed in 1121 AD, often mentioning Khaiyyam for his scientific works . Abu Hafs is a   " Kunya " customarily associated with the name " Umar ", and al Khaiyyam is the form which would be expected in an Arabic...